Mastering the PEEL Paragraph Technique for CIPD Assignments

In the world of human resources and people management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) sets a high bar for its learners. Assignments aren't just about regurgitating facts; they demand critical thinking, robust evidence, and a clear, logical structure. If you've ever struggled to organise your thoughts or felt your arguments lacked punch, the PEEL paragraph technique could be your secret weapon. Standing for Point, Evidence, Explanation, and Link, PEEL provides a straightforward framework to build compelling paragraphs that impress assessors.

In this blog post, we'll explore in depth how PEEL works, using a practical example to bring it to life. We'll tackle the assignment question: "Explain Edgar Schein's model of organisational culture and explain one theory or model which examines human behaviour." This is a typical CIPD-style prompt that requires you to demonstrate understanding, analysis, and application. By the end, you'll see how PEEL can transform your writing from mediocre to masterful. Whether you're a CIPD Level 3, 5, or 7 student, mastering this technique will elevate your assignments and boost your confidence. Let's get started.

Watch: PEEL Technique Explained

Understanding the Basics of PEEL

Before we break it down, it's worth noting why PEEL is so effective for CIPD work. The institute emphasises evidence-based practice, where you not only describe concepts but also critique them and link them to real-world HR scenarios. PEEL ensures each paragraph is self-contained yet contributes to the overall flow of your assignment. It's simple, memorable, and adaptable to any topic, from employee engagement to diversity and inclusion.

Think of PEEL as a building block. Each paragraph starts with a strong foundation (the Point), adds supporting pillars (Evidence), explores the implications (Explanation), and connects to the bigger structure (Link). This method prevents rambling and keeps your writing focused. Now, let's apply it step by step to our example question.

Step 1: The Point – Laying the Foundation

The first element of PEEL is the Point. This is your paragraph's core idea – a concise statement that directly addresses the question. It should be specific, relevant, and positioned right at the beginning to guide the reader. Vague points lead to weak paragraphs, so aim for clarity and precision.

For our question on Edgar Schein's model of organisational culture, a solid Point might read: "Edgar Schein argued that organisational culture operates at three distinct levels: artefacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions." This isn't just a summary; it directly engages with the query and sets the stage for deeper discussion.

Why does this work? By front-loading your main argument, you signal to the assessor what to expect. In CIPD assignments, where word counts are tight, this efficiency is important. It also demonstrates your ability to synthesise complex ideas into digestible bites. If your Point is too broad – say, "Organisational culture is important" – it fails to pinpoint Schein's contribution. Always tie it back to the question to show relevance.

Step 2: Evidence – Backing It Up with Substance

No Point stands alone; it needs Evidence to gain credibility. This stage involves citing reliable sources, data, or examples to support your claim. CIPD values wider reading, so draw from academic texts, professional reports, and real-life cases. Avoid unsubstantiated opinions – evidence turns your paragraph from assertion to argument.

Building on our Point about Schein's model, the Evidence could include: "Schein (2010) delineates artefacts as the visible elements, such as office layouts, dress codes, and rituals; espoused values as the articulated strategies, goals, and philosophies; and basic underlying assumptions as the deeply ingrained, often unconscious beliefs that shape behaviour." To enrich this, add a practical example: "For instance, in a tech company like Google, artefacts might include open-plan offices and casual attire, espoused values could emphasise innovation and collaboration, yet underlying assumptions might prioritise individual achievement over team harmony."

This Evidence draws directly from Schein's seminal work, Organizational Culture and Leadership, and illustrates the model in action. Including a real-world example shows application, a key CIPD criterion. Remember to use Harvard referencing – it's not optional; it proves academic integrity and allows assessors to verify your sources. The CIPD's own resources, like their factsheets on culture, can provide additional backing, demonstrating you've gone beyond textbooks.

Step 3: Explanation – Analysing the 'Why' and 'How'

Here's where the magic happens: the Explanation. This isn't about repeating the Evidence; it's about dissecting it to reveal its significance. Why does this matter? How does it relate to HR practice? This stage showcases your critical thinking, turning descriptive writing into analytical gold.

For Schein's model, an Explanation might go like this: "Schein's three-level framework reveals that organisational culture has multiple layers and can often be deceptive. Artefacts and espoused values are surface-level and easier to observe or change, but basic assumptions form the core, resisting alteration and profoundly influencing employee behaviour. This insight is essential for HR professionals, as it explains why culture change initiatives frequently fail – superficial tweaks, like updating mission statements, won't shift entrenched beliefs. In practice, this means HR must conduct thorough cultural audits, perhaps using surveys or focus groups, to uncover hidden assumptions before implementing changes."

This Explanation bridges theory and practice, a hallmark of strong CIPD assignments. It demonstrates depth by exploring implications, such as the challenges of cultural transformation in mergers or post-pandemic workplaces. Avoid shallow statements like "This is important"; instead, probe deeper. Ask yourself: What are the consequences? Who benefits? How does this align with CIPD ethics? This elevates your work from Level 3 descriptiveness to Level 7 sophistication.

Step 4: The Link – Connecting the Dots

The final piece is the Link, which ties your paragraph back to the question and transitions to the next idea. It ensures cohesion, preventing your assignment from feeling like disjointed fragments. A good Link reinforces the broader argument and hints at what's coming.

In our example: "Therefore, Schein's three-level model underscores the need for HR practitioners to look beyond observable behaviours when assessing and shaping organisational culture, providing a foundational tool for effective people management." This not only recaps the Point but also links to the assignment's overall theme, paving the way for discussing human behaviour theories.

Without a strong Link, paragraphs can feel abrupt. In longer assignments, this element maintains flow, showing the assessor your work is a unified whole. It's like the thread in a tapestry – subtle but essential.

Applying PEEL to Human Behaviour Theories

Now, let's extend PEEL to the second part of our question: explaining a model of human behaviour. We'll use Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a classic theory that's highly relevant to HR motivation strategies.

Starting with the Point: "Maslow's theory proposes that human motivation ascends through a hierarchy of five levels, from basic physiological needs to self-actualisation." This is direct and question-focused.

For Evidence: "Maslow (1943) outlined the levels as physiological (e.g., food and shelter), safety (security and stability), love/belonging (relationships), esteem (respect and achievement), and self-actualisation (personal growth). The CIPD (2022) endorses this in their guidance on employee motivation, highlighting its role in designing holistic reward systems. A workplace example might be a company offering competitive salaries to meet basic needs while providing training programmes for self-actualisation."

This mixes original theory with contemporary CIPD insights, plus an applied example, to show comprehensive research.

The Explanation examines relevance: "Maslow's model illustrates that motivation isn't one-size-fits-all; unmet lower needs block progression to higher ones. For HR, this means reward strategies must address the full spectrum – salary alone might satisfy basics, but building belonging through team-building or esteem via recognition schemes drives true engagement. In today's hybrid work environments, this theory helps explain phenomena like the 'Great Resignation,' where employees seek fulfilment beyond pay."

Finally, the Link: "Thus, Maslow's hierarchy elucidates individual behaviour dynamics in organisations and synergises with Schein's cultural model, as both emphasise underlying factors shaping actions at work."

By structuring two paragraphs this way, your assignment gains balance and depth.

Why PEEL Elevates Your CIPD Work

Beyond individual paragraphs, PEEL encourages overall assignment excellence. It promotes evidence-based arguments, critical analysis, and logical progression – all CIPD staples. Pair it with Harvard referencing to cite sources like Schein (2010) or Maslow (1943), and your work demonstrates professionalism.

Tips for success: Practise on past papers, vary your evidence (mix academic, professional, and personal), and read aloud for flow. Common pitfalls? Skipping Explanation (leading to descriptiveness) or weak Links (causing disjointedness). With time, PEEL becomes intuitive.

Conclusion

In summary, the PEEL technique is a game-changer for CIPD assignments. By creating clear Points, robust Evidence, insightful Explanations, and seamless Links, you'll produce work that's coherent, persuasive, and assessor-friendly. Applied to topics like Schein's organisational culture or Maslow's needs hierarchy, it transforms complex ideas into accessible arguments.

Remember, CIPD isn't just about knowledge; it's about application and integrity. Incorporate Harvard references diligently, and always reflect on how theories inform HR practice. With consistent practice, PEEL will help your assignments stand out, paving the way for career success in people management. If you need more help with assignment writing, check out our useful assignment guides on the VQ Solutions YouTube channel.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does PEEL stand for in assignment writing?

Quick Answer: PEEL stands for Point, Evidence, Explanation, and Link. This structured approach helps you build compelling paragraphs by starting with a clear point, supporting it with evidence, explaining its significance, and linking it back to your main argument for cohesive, assessor-friendly assignments.

The PEEL framework is particularly valuable for CIPD students because it aligns perfectly with evidence-based practice principles. Each element serves a specific purpose: the Point addresses the question directly, Evidence demonstrates your research, Explanation showcases critical thinking, and the Link maintains coherent flow throughout your assignment. This structure helps you move beyond simple description to achieve the analytical depth that CIPD assessors look for, especially at Level 5 and Level 7.

How does PEEL improve CIPD assignment grades?

Quick Answer: PEEL improves grades by ensuring each paragraph demonstrates critical thinking, evidence-based practice, and logical structure—key CIPD assessment criteria. It prevents rambling, maintains focus, and shows you can analyse theory and apply it to HR practice, transforming descriptive writing into analytical excellence.

CIPD marking criteria specifically look for evidence-based arguments, application of theory to practice, and critical evaluation. PEEL naturally incorporates all these elements. By forcing you to explain why evidence matters and how it applies to HR scenarios, PEEL pushes your writing from Level 3 descriptiveness (what theories say) to Level 5 and 7 sophistication (why theories matter and how they inform strategic HR decisions). The linking element also demonstrates your ability to construct coherent, unified arguments—another key assessment criterion.

What types of evidence should I use in PEEL paragraphs?

Quick Answer: Use academic sources (textbooks, journals), professional reports (CIPD factsheets, industry surveys), real-world examples (company case studies), and data (statistics, research findings). Always cite using Harvard referencing. Mix theoretical evidence with practical HR applications to demonstrate comprehensive understanding.

The strongest CIPD assignments blend multiple evidence types. Academic sources like Schein (2010) or Maslow (1943) provide theoretical foundations. CIPD's own resources (factsheets, podcasts, research reports) show engagement with professional practice. Real-world examples from organisations like Google, NHS, or your own workplace demonstrate application skills. Quantitative data from surveys or reports adds empirical weight. The key is variety—assessors want to see you've conducted wider reading beyond core textbooks and can integrate diverse sources into coherent arguments.

Can I use PEEL for both CIPD Level 3 and Level 5 assignments?

Quick Answer: Yes, PEEL works for all CIPD levels. Level 3 students use it to demonstrate understanding and basic application, while Level 5 and 7 students deepen the Explanation component with critical analysis, evaluating theories' strengths and limitations, and linking to strategic HR practice.

The beauty of PEEL is its scalability. At Level 3, your Explanation might focus on describing how a theory applies to a workplace scenario. At Level 5, you'd critique the theory's strengths and weaknesses, compare it with alternative models, and discuss strategic implications for HR policy. At Level 7, you'd evaluate the theory's philosophical underpinnings, challenge its assumptions, and propose how it might evolve given contemporary workplace trends. The framework stays the same; the analytical depth increases.

How long should each PEEL paragraph be?

Quick Answer: Aim for 150-250 words per PEEL paragraph. This allows enough space for comprehensive Point, Evidence, Explanation, and Link without overwhelming readers. In tight word counts, prioritise quality over quantity—ensure each element is present and purposeful rather than padding unnecessarily.

Paragraph length should serve clarity, not arbitrary targets. A 150-word paragraph might work for straightforward points, while complex theories like Schein's cultural model might need 250 words to do justice to the Explanation. What matters is balance: don't let Evidence dominate at the expense of Explanation, and don't skip the Link to save words. If you're hitting word limits, it's better to have fewer, well-developed PEEL paragraphs than many rushed, incomplete ones. Quality always trumps quantity in CIPD assessments.

What's the difference between Evidence and Explanation in PEEL?

Quick Answer: Evidence presents facts, citations, or examples that support your Point (what the theory says). Explanation analyses this evidence, exploring why it matters, how it applies to HR practice, and what implications it has. Evidence is descriptive; Explanation is analytical and showcases critical thinking.

Many students struggle here, often repeating their evidence rather than explaining it. Think of Evidence as "what" and Explanation as "so what?" For example, Evidence might state: "Maslow (1943) identified five levels of needs." Explanation would analyse: "This hierarchy helps HR professionals understand why financial rewards alone don't motivate—unmet belonging needs block progress to esteem and self-actualisation, explaining low engagement despite competitive salaries." The Explanation digs deeper, connecting theory to HR outcomes and demonstrating you understand implications, not just definitions.

How do I create effective Links between paragraphs?

Quick Answer: Effective Links recap your paragraph's key point, connect it to the overall assignment question, and hint at what's coming next. Use transition phrases like 'Therefore', 'Building on this', or 'This highlights' to maintain flow and show your assignment is a unified, logical argument.

Strong Links prevent your assignment from feeling like isolated chunks. They should do three things: summarise the paragraph's contribution ("Schein's model thus reveals culture's layered nature"), connect to the assignment question ("providing essential insight for HR professionals assessing organisational dynamics"), and transition forward ("This understanding of culture must be complemented by examining individual behaviour, which Maslow's hierarchy illuminates"). Good linking phrases include "Therefore," "Consequently," "Building on this," "This understanding leads to," and "Having established this foundation." These create narrative flow that assessors recognise as sophisticated academic writing.

Where can I get help with CIPD assignment writing techniques?

Quick Answer: VQ Solutions provides comprehensive CIPD courses with personal mentor support to help you master techniques like PEEL. Our award-winning LMS includes 500+ explainer videos, assignment guides, and monthly drop-in sessions where you can ask questions and refine your academic writing skills.

At VQ Solutions, we don't just teach HR theory—we help you become an effective CIPD student. Our personal mentors provide detailed feedback on your assignments, showing you how to strengthen your PEEL paragraphs, improve your Harvard referencing, and develop critical analysis skills. The award-winning LMS includes dedicated modules on academic writing, with video tutorials breaking down PEEL and other techniques. Monthly drop-in sessions let you ask specific questions about your assignments, and our 99% pass rate proves our approach works. Whether you're studying CIPD Level 3 or Level 5, we provide the support you need to excel.

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